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Ten years of research and application of chlorine dioxide in my country
Release time:
2023-07-03
Huang Junli
(College of Municipal Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090)
1 Progress in chlorine dioxide research in my country
1.1 Reproductive and developmental toxicity of sodium chlorite in three generations of rats
As a by-product of chlorine dioxide disinfection, the toxicity of sodium chlorite has attracted widespread attention. The United States Chemical Manufacturing Association (USCMA) chlorine dioxide expert group, with the support and sponsorship of USEPA, conducted a study on the effects of NaClO2 on the reproductive toxicity and developmental neurotoxicity of two generations of rats. The results showed that NaClO2 was not found to have any meaningful adverse effects on the reproduction and development of rats. Based on this research result, USEPA stipulates that the maximum contamination level (MCL) of NaClO2 in drinking water is 1.0mg/L, the maximum contamination level target value (MCLG) is 0.8mg/L, and my country stipulates 0.7mg/L.
We also found no meaningful adverse effects through NaClO2's reproductive toxicity study on rats for up to three generations. It is deduced from the experimental results that the maximum pollution level target value MCLG of NaClO2 in drinking water is 1.1mg/L. All of the above provide a basis for the safety of chlorine dioxide for disinfection in drinking water.
1.2 The removal effect of chlorine dioxide on emerging pollutants in water
1.2.1 Effect of chlorine dioxide on microcystin degradation
In 2006, after the new "Drinking Water Hygienic Standards" were promulgated, we launched a series of studies on the new pollution indicators in the standards. Microcystins are carcinogenic organic compounds that are abundant in eutrophic waters. Enzyme-linked immunoassay kits and HPLC analysis methods were used to study the effect of chlorine dioxide on the degradation of microcystins MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR. The results showed that ClO2 has a negative impact on MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR. It has good degradation effect. The rate constant and activation energy of the reaction are: 459.89, 583.15, 488.43 L/(mol·min) and 64.78, 53.01, 59.15 kJ/mol respectively; the ease of oxidative degradation by ClO2 is MC-YR > MC-RR > MC-LR. Under normal water treatment conditions, when the concentration of microcystin is not greater than 6 μg/L, the ClO2 dosage is 0.8 mg/L to meet the standard (<1 μg/L). Analysis by LC-MS means: the adda toxic group in the microcystin structure is destroyed, and the products are dihydroxy substitutes of MC-LR and MC-RR respectively. Both degradation tests and reaction mechanism inference prove that there is no synergistic or antagonistic effect in the degradation of mixed algal toxins by ClO2.
1.2.2 The killing effect of chlorine dioxide on Cryptosporidium and Giardia cysts
The harm of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in drinking water has attracted the attention of scholars around the world. We used Cryptosporidium oocysts as the target to prepare water samples and studied the killing effect of ClO2 on Cryptosporidium oocysts. The results show that for low concentration (50/ml) oocysts, exposure to ClO2
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