A comprehensive understanding of chlorine dioxide: no microorganisms that cannot be killed by it have been found so far

Chlorine dioxide is recognized as an A1 level green disinfectant recognized by the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the World, the United States Environmental Protection Organization, the Ministry of Health of China, etc., so far there is no microorganism that can not be killed by it, and it has the characteristics of sterilization, disinfection, antiseptic, bleaching, deodorization, and preservation. And it has the characteristics of broad spectrum, funny, fast, safe and residue-free. It is widely used in medical and health, sanitation and epidemic prevention, civil household affairs, food processing, aquaculture, agricultural planting, water treatment, papermaking, textile, disinfection of public places and other scenarios, with its own and disinfection process non-toxic and non-triogenic (carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic) effect. It has won wide acclaim in the disinfection community and is the best alternative to conventional disinfectants and bleach.

Chlorine dioxide disinfectant is a green, safe, efficient and broad-spectrum disinfectant, which can kill all microorganisms in the aquaculture water, including bacterial propagules, bacterial spores, fungi, mycobacteria and various viruses. It has a strong adsorption and penetration ability to the microbial cell wall, can effectively oxidize sulfhydryl-containing enzymes in the cell, and can also quickly inhibit the synthesis of microbial proteins to destroy microorganisms. However, chlorine dioxide is extremely destructive to eukaryotic cells, and fish are vertebrates, which belong to the eukaryotic cell structure, and their enzyme system cannot enter, so chlorine dioxide causes little harm to fish and other animals. At present, chlorine dioxide is considered to be a recognized ultra-cost-effective and environmentally friendly green disinfectant.

Is chlorine dioxide quality reliable by color shade?

What color is chlorine dioxide solution?

Chlorine dioxide is highly soluble in water, and the color of the solution formed is pale yellow; After genuine chlorine dioxide is dissolved in a transparent glass, its pale yellow color is very clear and translucent, with a "golden" color, which can also be called bright yellow.

Is it scientific to judge chlorine dioxide concentration based on color shade?

At present, the quality of chlorine dioxide products on the market is uneven, and there are many inferior chlorine dioxide with shoddy or false standard content. Therefore, many dealers and farmers judge the content and quality of chlorine dioxide by the color of chlorine dioxide after dissolving water. So, is this simple method of judgment scientific?

It can be used as a basis for judgment at low concentrations

After a large number of chlorine dioxide dissolution and comparative tests by researchers, it was found that under certain conditions (when the concentration of chlorine dioxide was 0%-4%), this simple judgment method was feasible. For example, the chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets on the market are selected 1 (generally about 1g per pill) dissolved in 100ml of water, and the color is compared after dissolving in 2-5 minutes, the darker the color, the higher the concentration.

It is difficult to distinguish with the naked eye at high concentrations

However, when the concentration of chlorine dioxide reaches more than 5% (5%-12%), it is difficult to distinguish between them by the above methods. This is because with the increase of chlorine dioxide concentration and the limited volume of dissolution, the color of the dissolved solution has reached bright yellow, and the color difference between different concentrations is small, and it is difficult to distinguish the difference in color with the naked eye. For example, the color of chlorine dioxide at a concentration of 5% and 10% is not much different, but the actual concentration is 1 times different.

Many attentive farmers have noticed a strange phenomenon - take a chlorine dioxide and throw it in a mineral water bottle, at first (within 30 minutes) there is no color change, but after a night they find that the water in the bottle turns yellow. For such a situation, first of all, it is necessary to be clear that the necessary condition for the formation of chlorine dioxide in effervescent tablets is the formation of a local strong acid environment, so it means that this product can not instantly form a strong acid environment during the dissolution process, but slowly form a high concentration of acidic environment through time, so it can slowly reach a strong acid environment in a small body of water (the volume of water is fixed), so there is a phenomenon of why there is no color at the beginning, and the color appears after a long time. If it is put into fish or shrimp ponds, these products may not produce chlorine dioxide at all (not enough to form instantaneous strong acid concentrations), let alone sterilize.

If it is dark red in color, it may not be true chlorine dioxide

In another case, if a chlorine dioxide product is dissolved in water, its color is dark and red, it is likely that dichloroisocyanuric acid or trichloroisocyanuric acid is added to it, in order to achieve the chlorine content from the surface.

Therefore, judging the quality of the product by the color of chlorine dioxide after dissolving water can judge the difference between the content of 1-4% and more than 5%, but it is difficult to judge the difference between 5-8% with the naked eye. Therefore, in addition to judging the quality of chlorine dioxide by the color of chlorine dioxide after dissolving water, we can also use the oxidation capacity of chlorine dioxide (such as oxidizing pigment ability), the dissolution time, the pH of the dissolved water, and the residue after dissolution to make a comprehensive judgment.

Chlorine dioxide conversion rate and effective content

What is chlorine dioxide conversion rate and effective content

Chlorine dioxide itself is a gas, not easy to store and transport, so the white powder or granules labeled as chlorine dioxide bought on the market are the precursors of chlorine dioxide, and they need to react with each other before they can produce gas chlorine dioxide, and these powder raw materials mainly include sodium chlorite, acidifiers, auxiliaries, stabilizers, etc. So in a strict sense, the product we see is not chlorine dioxide, but a generator that generates chlorine dioxide, which must form an acidic environment in contact with water before sodium chlorite can undergo a chemical reaction to produce chlorine dioxide.

What is chlorine dioxide conversion rate

Gas chlorine dioxide is mainly obtained by the conversion of sodium chlorite in the reaction raw material, and sodium chlorite must be reacted under certain conditions (acidic environment), so the conversion rate of chlorine dioxide refers to the efficiency of sodium chlorite to form gas chlorine dioxide through reaction. For example, at present, the highest chlorine dioxide conversion rate is 98%, which means that 98% sodium chlorite can be fully reacted to produce chlorine dioxide with the assistance of various reaction raw materials with the assistance of production process and formula.

What is the effective content of chlorine dioxide

Generally, the effective content of chlorine dioxide products will be marked on the outer packaging of the product, but the labeling of many manufacturers is not standardized, which is easy to confuse the public, and the formal labeling method should be: effective ingredients and content: chlorine dioxide ≥8%. 8% in the label refers to the effective content of chlorine dioxide, if a product is not fraudulent, this effective content refers to the purchase of 100g of chlorine dioxide products, after the dissolution reaction can finally obtain at least 8g of pure chlorine dioxide gas, the other 92g contains the added excipients, acidifiers, catalysts and other harmless products dissolved in water after the reaction of sodium chlorite, so the effective content of chlorine dioxide is related to the amount of sodium chlorite added and whether it can fully react. It can reflect the quality of a chlorine dioxide product.

Factors influencing chlorine dioxide conversion

When we buy chlorine dioxide products, we hope to buy products with high effective content of chlorine dioxide, and most manufacturers also mark that the chlorine dioxide content will ≥8% on the packaging, but the actual effective content of chlorine dioxide is often inconsistent with the outer packaging, most of which are caused by the lack of formula and production process, which makes the conversion rate of chlorine dioxide low. So what are the factors that affect the conversion rate of chlorine dioxide?

The raw materials are not pure

Sodium chlorite is the main source of chlorine dioxide gas, so the requirements for its raw materials are also high, if some impurities are selected as raw materials, it will cause insufficient and complete reaction. At the same time, other excipients (such as acidifiers, disintegrants, passivators, etc.) also contain other impurities, which will also affect the reaction of sodium chlorite, resulting in low chlorine dioxide conversion.

Differences in dosage forms

Common chlorine dioxide in the market today includes: binary powders (A/B), mono powders, tablets and effervescent tablets:
from the perspective of practical application, binary powders, mono powders and tablets need to be activated in a small body of water before being used before being sprinkled into ponds. If it is directly splashed on the large water surface, because the large water surface cannot provide the acidic environment required for the reaction of sodium chlorite, the sodium chlorite will not be completely reacted to form chlorine dioxide, and the disinfection effect will not be achieved. Therefore, during the activation of small water bodies in limited space, a large amount of gas chlorine dioxide will escape into the air, resulting in low chlorine dioxide in large water bodies. As a result, the high amount of waste results in a low conversion rate of chlorine dioxide for these three dosage forms.

Effervescent tablets are mainly a new dosage form designed to make chlorine dioxide react faster after entering the water body, compared with tablets, the formula is optimized, disintegrants are added, and the production process is upgraded, with the purpose of forming an acidic environment around the tablets instantaneously and promoting the rapid conversion of sodium chlorite to release chlorine dioxide. Therefore, effervescent tablets can avoid the activation of small water bodies and are easy to use, and the possibility of gas chlorine dioxide escaping is very small, so the chlorine dioxide obtained by sodium chlorite reaction can all act on the target water body, so effervescent tablets are the products with the highest conversion rate of chlorine dioxide.
 

The core process of chlorine dioxide is mature

In addition to the unique technology in the selection of raw materials and the ratio of each ingredient to high-quality chlorine dioxide products, the production process is also a very critical link. The production process of chlorine dioxide is dangerous, so there must be strict requirements for many links in the production process.

The ratio of raw materials is unreasonable

The conversion rate of chlorine dioxide is related to the proportion of raw material added. The reaction between the raw materials of chlorine dioxide is added precisely according to a certain proportion, and it is necessary to fully ensure that the raw materials are exactly completely reacted, and there can be no shortage or waste of any raw materials, which requires a large number of experiments and data accumulation, so the gold addition ratio of each raw material is a guarantee to ensure the conversion rate of chlorine dioxide.

Application of chlorine dioxide in fish pond disinfection

The use of chlorine dioxide to disinfect the pond is small, safe and efficient, and the sterilization effect is particularly good. Chlorine dioxide can play a good role in killing bacteria, viruses and germs in water. And he is also able to decompose viriobacterium, so it can be said that the effect of chlorine dioxide is very good.

Chlorine dioxide is used to disinfect ponds, generally with 0.5~1 gram of chlorine dioxide per cubic meter of water can achieve a good disinfection purpose, there are data that the use of chlorine dioxide to disinfect water bodies, when the amount is 0.5~1ppm, it can kill more than 95% of the germs in the water body in a few minutes. The daily use of aquatic disinfection is 0.5-1ppm.